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speculate that it is always much easier to perceive merit in people who are like
                 you than it is to discern the merit of those who are a bit different’.
                                                                           189

             5.10.  We are pleased that the training that judicial and lay panel members receive
                 includes unconscious bias training. The JAC should ensure that such training
                 accords  with  current  best  practice  methods  and  that  sufficient  time  in  the
                 training programme is provided for this.


            Demonstrating ability
             5.11.  The JAC approaches to selection have changed over time. Whereas there
                 used to be a focus on testing candidates’ knowledge of the law, a broader range
                                              190
                 of competence is now assessed.  This is welcome, though we note the WPG
                 conclusions that the shortlisting format continues to benefit those with certain
                                 191
                 legal  experience   and  that  there  is  a  strong  focus  on  assessing  some
                                        192
                 competencies over others.

             5.12.  Significantly, the WPG report noted a particular challenge in the design of
                 selection materials of identifying and selecting individuals who can do the job
                 in the future, that is candidates who have potential, rather than selecting only
                 those who have already demonstrated that they can do the job, that is based on
                 experience.

             5.13.  The Working Party has been assured that the appointments processes in no
                 way  a  gauge  for  ‘advocacy’  experience.  However,  we  have  received
                 overwhelming  anecdotal  evidence  that  advocacy  plays  a  part  in  selection
                 exercises. This comes not only from candidates – both solicitors and barristers
                 – but also from those who have had a role in the evaluation of competency-

            have a bias in favor of preserving the status quo; change is uncomfortable. So because 95% of CEOs
            are white men, the status quo bias can lead board members to unconsciously prefer to hire more white
            men for leadership roles.”
            189  Lady Hale ‘disappointed’ at lack of female judge, October 2013, available online at
            https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-24370177
            190  Working Psychology Group, ‘Review of JAC Shortlisting Tools – Summary Report &
            Conclusions’, July 2018, para 2.11, available online at
            https://www.judicialappointments.gov.uk/sites/default/files/sync/about_the_jac/research-shortlisting-
            tools-report-2018.pdf.
            191  Ibid, para 2.13.1
            192  Ibid, para 2.13.2
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