The joint Administrative Justice Council and JUSTICE Working Party publishes its report Reforming Benefits Decision-Making, on 8 July 2021. It makes recommendations aimed at creating a benefits system that prioritises dignity and respect and places the user at its heart.
The benefits decision-making system forms a huge part of the administrative justice landscape in the United Kingdom. However, the system is performing poorly, and can have devastating impacts on peoples’ lives. Individuals often lack knowledge as to their possible entitlements; the application process can be inaccessible and confusing; and many are incorrectly denied benefits to which they are entitled or have their benefits terminated or suspended when they are wrongly sanctioned. Challenging incorrectly made decisions is often stressful and lengthy and many individuals give up when faced with a long fight for their entitlement.
Having sat since April 2020, this report makes 44 recommendations aimed at improving the administrative and procedural aspects of the benefits system. It considers initial decision-making, through to appeals, to ensure that the system works well for everyone, regardless of their digital capability, their health, their disabilities, or their vulnerabilities. With increased unemployment and the full economic impact of the pandemic still yet to be realised, the need to ensure a fair benefits system that is accessible and makes timely and accurate decisions is greater than ever.
Key recommendations include:
- Changes to improve the quality of the health and disability assessment process including: opt-in audio recording of assessments; greater clarity over who will obtain medical evidence; claimants being assessed by assessors with specialist knowledge of their condition and an end to the outsourcing of assessments to private companies.
- Better data collection and evaluation, including on protected characteristics of claimants, the setting of claimant commitments, the use of easements and sanctions.
- Clear structures and rules to prevent the inconsistent and unfair application of discretion, including a statutory list of ‘good reasons’ for failure to comply with the claimant commitment.
- Greater transparency on the use of automation and how it feeds into decisions and the technological constraints of computers systems.
- The establishment of clear, public performance standards and an independent reviewer or regulator for welfare benefits.
- The removal of the mandatory reconsideration stage so that claimants are able to appeal directly to the Social Security Tribunal, but with an automatic internal review required by the DWP once an appeal has been lodged.
- Streamlining the appeals process to reduce the need for appellants to repeatedly provide the same information and greater use of tribunal caseworkers to reduce adjournments.
- The adoption of a ‘no wrong door’ approach to applying for Universal Credit and managing a claim, including meaningful alternative channels of engagement.
- An advice portal which provides information on organisations providing welfare benefits advice and which should be clearly signposted to on all webpages providing information on benefits, all paper-based forms, decision letters and mandatory reconsideration notices.
Chair of the Working Party, Lord Low of Dalston CBE said:
These changes would build a system that prioritises dignity and respect and that places the user at its heart: a procedurally fair, efficient, accessible and robust system that works well for everyone and provides claimants with the support they require.
JUSTICE’s Director, Andrea Coomber said,
The Coronavirus pandemic has shown, more than ever, how important the benefits system is to people’s survival when they are unable to work. For many people navigating the system of asking for financial help is incredibly hard. Government should be aiming to make this as straightforward and supportive as possible.
Standard Life Foundation’s Programme Manager, Rebecca Graham said,
The welfare benefits system is an important lifeline but one that is difficult to navigate and to access for many. For some, the very basis for their claim can mean that the complex stages involved in applications, appeals and adjustments are a serious barrier. These recommendations provide a roadmap for policy makers, enabling them to develop the system so it is fairer for all.
The Working Party was generously supported by BlackRock, the abrdn Financial Fairness Trust, and Weil, Gotshal and Manges LLP.
Read the full report here (PDF version here).
Find out more about the Working Party here.
Please direct queries to Stephanie Needleman, Acting Legal Director.
Please note:
- that the report has been updated subsequent to its original publication to clarify details of two automated fraud detection systems in the Netherlands (see box on page 60-61).
- the abrdn Financial Fairness Trust was formally known as the Standard Life Foundation.